Based on these observations, a commensal role for Blastocystis has been proposed. Across 12 metagenomic datasets, a strong association between Blastocystis and the enrichment of Firmicutes and Clostridiales, as well as the reduction in Bacteroides has been described. The presence of Blastocystis has been generally associated with higher gut bacterial diversity, commonly seen in the composition of a healthy microbiota. Blastocystis is a common gut eukaryote frequently detected in humans capable of asymptomatic long-term host colonisation.
However, it is well known that homeostasis in the intestine is maintained through communication and interaction between bacteria and a variety of microorganisms, such as eukaryotes.
The majority of studies evaluating human gut microbiota in association with phenotypic traits have highlighted the more abundant bacterial components. It seems that a dialogue between the metagenome and cognitive function exists in parallel to changes in plasma and fecal metabolomics. The possible existence of a gut-microbiota brain axis was initially proposed in animal models, with increased evidence in humans in recent years. In summary, Blastocystis warrant further consideration as a novel actor in the gut microbiome-brain axis. Donor’s Blastocystis subtypes led to altered recipient’s mice cognitive function and prefrontal cortex gene expression. Finally, we evaluated the effects of microbiota transplantation. Blastocystis-associated shifts in bacterial functionality translated into the circulating metabolome. We also found that Blastocystis was linked to bacterial functions related to aromatic amino acids metabolism and folate-mediated pyrimidine and one-carbon metabolism. Here we describe how the presence of Blastocystis in the gut microbiome was associated with deficits in executive function and altered gut bacterial composition in a discovery ( n = 114) and replication cohorts ( n = 942). Blastocystis is a common gut single-cell eukaryote parasite frequently detected in humans but its potential involvement in human pathophysiology has been poorly characterized. Growing evidence implicates the gut microbiome in cognition. The ISME Journal volume 16, pages 2181–2197 ( 2022) Cite this article Presence of Blastocystis in gut microbiota is associated with cognitive traits and decreased executive function
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